Infection with HAV has not been found to cause chronic infection, although prolonged or relapsing hepatitis A has been reported ( 5). Disease severity increases in persons who are older or immunocompromised, have chronic liver disease, or have other underlying health conditions ( 2– 4). HAV infection is clinically indistinguishable from other types of acute viral hepatitis, and the illness is usually mild and self-limited when healthy persons are infected ( 1, 2). The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, usually through direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated food or water ( 1, 2). These recommendations also provide guidance for vaccination before travel, for postexposure prophylaxis, in settings providing services to adults, and during outbreaks. ACIP recommends HepA vaccination for adults at risk for HAV infection or severe disease from HAV infection and for adults requesting protection against HAV without acknowledgment of a risk factor. ACIP recommends routine vaccination of children aged 12–23 months and catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years who have not previously received hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine at any age. This report supplants and summarizes previously published recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the prevention of HAV infection in the United States. HAV antibodies (immunoglobulin G anti-HAV) produced in response to HAV infection persist for life and protect against reinfection IgG anti-HAV produced after vaccination confer long-term immunity. Hepatitis A is an acute, self-limited disease that does not result in chronic infection. The infection is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, usually from direct person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable, communicable disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV).
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